LncRNA DRAIC regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting let-7i-5p / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of lncRNA DRAIC on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and its mechanism. Methods: Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of DRAIC in lung cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues of 40 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery in Tangshan People's Hospital from 2019 to 2020. Lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and H1299 were cultured in vitro and divided into si-NC group, si-DRAIC group, miR-NC group, let-7i-5p mimics group, si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group. CCK-8 method and clone formation experiment were used to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell array was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax. The double luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the regulatory relationship between DRAIC and let-7i-5p. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of DRAIC in lung adenocarcinoma tissues increased (P<0.05), but the expression level of let-7i-5p decreased (P<0.05). The expression levels of DRAIC and let-7i-5p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were negatively correlated (r=-0.737, P<0.05). The absorbance value of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(91.00±6.08 vs. 136.67±6.51); (50.67±1.53 vs. 76.67±4.51)], the number of migration [(606.67±31.34 vs. 960.00±33.06); (483.33±45.96 vs. 741.67±29.67)], the number of invasion [(185.00±8.19 vs. 447.33±22.05); (365.00±33.87 vs. 688.00±32.97)] were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(13.43±2.79)% vs. (4.53±0.42)%; (23.77±1.04)% vs. (6.60±1.42)%] were higher than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC group were higher than those in si-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-NC group (P<0.05). DRAIC is located in the cytoplasm. DRAIC targeted and negatively regulated the expression of let-7i-5p. The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the let-7i-5p mimics group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were lower than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(131.33±14.47 vs. 171.33±6.11); (59.33±4.93 vs. 80.33±7.09)], the number of migration [(137.67±3.06 vs. 579.33±82.03); (425.00±11.14 vs. 669.33±21.13)], the number of invasion [(54.00±4.36 vs. 112.67±11.59); (80.00±4.58 vs. 333.33±16.80)] were lower than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(14.57±1.10)% vs. (6.97±1.11)%; (23.97±0.42)% vs. (7.07±1.21)%] were higher than those in the miR-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in let-7i-5p mimics group were higher than those in miR-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in miR-NC group (P<0.05). The absorbance values of A549 and H1299 cells in the si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group at 48, 72 and 96 hours were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05), the number of clones formed [(82.00±5.29 vs. 59.00±5.57); (77.67±4.93 vs. 41.33±7.57)], the number of migration [(774.33±35.81 vs. 455.67±19.04); (569.67±18.72 vs. 433.67±16.77)], the number of invasion [(670.33±17.21 vs. 451.00±17.52); (263.67±3.06 vs. 182.33±11.93)] were higher than those in the si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05). However, the apoptosis rates of cells [(7.73±0.45)% vs. (19.13±1.50)%; (8.00±0.53)% vs. (28.40±0.53)%] were lower than those in the si-NC group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax in si-DRAIC+ let-7i-5p inhibitor group were higher than those in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was lower than that in si-DRAIC+ inhibitor-NC group (P<0.05). Conclusion: DRAIC is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, and DRAIC promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits apoptosis by targeting let-7i-5p.

Dihydromyricetin mediates epithelial mesenchymal transformation and regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To study the effects of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell KYSE150 and KYSE410. Methods: KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells were treated with different concentrations of DMY (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/L) for 24 hours. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values of KYSE150 and KYSE410 were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Then 0.5‰ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as control group, dihydromyricetin (DMY), dihydromyricetin and transforming growth factor-β1 (DMY+ TGF-β1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were used as experimental group. Cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were measured by clonal formation and flow cytometry. Transwell invasion and wound healing assay were used to detect cell invasion and migration. The protein expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, Smad2/3, phosphorylation-Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Vimentin were detected by western blot. Results: The IC50 values of DMY on KYSE410 and KYSE150 cells were 100.51 and 101.27 μmol/L. The clone formation numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 in DMY group [(0.53±0.03) and (0.31±0.03)] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.10) and (1.00±0.05), P<0.05]. The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(1.84±0.22)% and (2.80±0.07)%] were higher than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.18)% and (1.00±0.07)%, P<0.05]. The invasion numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(0.42±0.03) and (0.29±0.05)] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.08) and (1.00±0.05), P<0.05]. The migration rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group [(0.65±0.14)% and (0.40±0.17)%] were lower than those in DMSO group [(1.00±0.10)% and (1.00±0.08)%, P<0.05]. The clone formation numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 in TGF-β1 group [(1.01±0.08) and (0.99±0.25)] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.73±0.10) and (0.58±0.05), P<0.05]. The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(0.81±0.14)% and (1.18±0.10)%] were lower than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(1.38±0.22)% and (1.85±0.04)%, P<0.05]. The invasion numbers of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(1.19±0.11) and (1.39±0.11)] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.93±0.09) and (0.93±0.05), P<0.05]. The migration rates of KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group [(1.87±0.19)% and (1.32±0.04)%] were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group [(0.86±0.16)% and (0.77±0.12)%, P<0.05]. The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group were higher than those in DMSO group, while the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was lower than that in DMSO group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3 and Vimentin in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY group were lower than those in DMSO group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group were lower than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher than that in DMY+ TGF-β1 group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in DMY+ TGF-β1 group were lower than those in DMY group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher than that in DMY group (P<0.05). The protein expression levels of p-Smad2/3, Smad2/3 and Vimentin in KYSE150 and KYSE410 cells in TGF-β1 group were higher than those in DMY+ TGF-β1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion: DMY can inhibit the proliferation and EMT of ESCC mediated by TGF-β1 and promote cell apoptosis.

Clinical research of changes in posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To assess the changes of posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE). <p>METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients(240 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery with myopia. All patients were examined with the Pentacam of preoperation and 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo postoperatively, respectively. We analyze the change of the posterior corneal elevation of the apex, and the change of mean posterior corneal elevation in the circle of 2mm, and 6mm diameter.<p>RESULTS:Comparison among the three groups showed that the differences of apex and 2mm circle at a different time and between the groups were statistically significant(apex: <i>F</i>_time=30.09, <i>P</i>_time<0.01; <i>F</i>_group=7.29, <i>P</i>_group<0.01; 2mm circle: <i>F</i>_time=24.72, <i>P</i>_time<0.01; <i>F</i>_group=7.44, <i>P</i>_group=0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in interaction time and groups(apex: <i>F</i>_time×group=1.65, <i>P</i>_time×group=0.15; 2mm circle: <i>F</i>_time×group=1.81, <i>P</i>_time×group=0.25). The difference of 6mm circle at different time points after the operation was statistically significant(<i>F</i>_time=18.34, <i>P</i>_time<0.01), while the difference in interaction time and groups was not statistically significant(<i>F</i>_group=2.21, <i>P</i>_group=0.12; <i>F</i>_time×group=1.34, <i>P</i>_time×group=0.25). In the low and moderate myopia groups, the changes of the apex, 2mm circle and 6mm circle in the posterior corneal elevation were statistically significant within 1mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05); In the high myopia group, there were statistically significant at the apex and 2mm circle within 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05); There was statistically significant after surgery at 6mm circle within 1mo(<i>P</i><0.05). In all cases, the difference of the posterior corneal elevation between 1wk and 1d was negative at the apex and 2mm circle, after that, the difference became positive and smaller. The reverse was true at the 6mm circle. <p>CONCLUSION:Among three groups after SMILE, the central posterior cornea was slightly backward, and the peripheral cornea was slightly forward, the changes were most obvious after 1wk and then returned gradually. It means the surgery was safe, stable, precise, and predictable.

Research progress on chemical compositions and pharmacological action of Drynariae Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Drynariae Rhizoma is warm in nature and bitter in taste, mainly acting on liver and kidney systems. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fracture and bone injury. The chemical compositions of Drynariae Rhizoma mainly include flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and lignans. At present, modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that Drynariae Rhizoma has the effects of anti osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, kidney protection, anti-inflammatory, promoting tooth growth, preventing and treating aminoglycoside ototoxicity and lowering blood lipid. In addition, the toxicity evaluation experiment of Drynariae Rhizoma has also shown that it has no obvious toxic and side effects. Naringin is a kind of dihydroflavone in Drynariae Rhizoma. Many studies have shown that naringin and other total flavonoids play an important role in anti-osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, anti-inflammation, promoting tooth growth and lowering blood lipid. In this study, the research progresses on chemical consti-tuents and pharmacological activities of Drynariae Rhizoma in recent years were reviewed, and some mechanisms of action were summarized, to provide references for the further research and development of Drynariae Rhizoma.

Quality consistency evaluation and intelligent visualization of performance parameters of carboxymethylcellulose sodium / 药学学报

In this study, physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to characterize the quality consistency of different sources of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and the visualization of R language was used to explore the intrinsic correlation on its performances, and we drew contour maps between independent variables and flowability of powder to find the design space. Through the physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were differences in the powder properties of carboxymethylcellulose sodium from different sources, and its moisture content, bulk density and tapped density have a great influence on the fluidity. The fillibility was positively correlated with flowability, both negatively correlated with compressibility by R intelligent visualization analysis, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). When the angle of repose is 30° - 40°, the appropriate design space was found as 5.092 2% < moisture content < 7.006 7%, 0.560 2 g·cm-3 < bulk density < 0.579 9 g·cm-3, and 0.646 3 g·cm-3 < tapped density < 0.816 5 g·cm-3. The results show that it is scientific and feasible to evaluate the quality consistency of pharmaceutical excipients by using the physical fingerprint, multivariate statistical analysis and visualization methods, which provides new ideas for the production and quality evaluation of excipients and the development of generic prescriptions.

Taxus chinensis ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through down-regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway / 中国天然药物

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Renal fibrosis is closely related to the deterioration of renal function. The present study aimed to investigate protective effect of Taxus chinensis on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN in rats and explore the underlying mechanism of action. The rat DN model was established via feeding high fat diet for 4 weeks and subsequently injecting streptozotocin (30 mg·kg body weight) intraperitoneally. The rats with blood glucose levels higher than 16.8 mmol·L were selected for experiments. The DN rats were treated with Taxus chinensis orally (0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 g·kg) once a day for 8 weeks. Taxus chinensis significantly improved the renal damage, which was indicated by the decreases in 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate, blood serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of Taxus chinensis. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane was reduced, and proliferation of mesangial cells and podocytes cells and increase in mesangial matrix were attenuated. Further experiments showed that Taxus chinensis treatment down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. These results demonstrated that Taxus chinensis alleviated renal injuries in DN rats, which may be associated with suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Development Practice, Restricting Factor and Regulatory Path for Social Capital Running Medical Institutes in Ethnic Minority Areas / 中国卫生经济

Objective: Through analyzing the development practice and restricting factors of social capital running medical institutes in ethnic minority areas, it explored the regulation path for social capital running medical institutes in ethnic minority areas. Methods: Through researching the policy practice, hold practice and operation practice, it selected 8 ethnical provinces as research areas and summarized the development practice of social capital running medical institutes in ethnic minority areas. Results: The current constraints of social capital running medical institutes in China’s ethnic areas mainly reflected in the constraints of the economic depth of poverty to restrict the medical treatment of the patients in the society, the lack of policy guarantee restricted the competitiveness of the social medical market and the agglomeration of social medical personnel. Conclusion: Social capital running medical institutes in ethnical areas should regulate the path of institutional construction, the regulatory path of the industry and the regulatory path of PPP (Public Private Partnership) path.

Taxus chinensis ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through down-regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway / 中国天然药物

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Renal fibrosis is closely related to the deterioration of renal function. The present study aimed to investigate protective effect of Taxus chinensis on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN in rats and explore the underlying mechanism of action. The rat DN model was established via feeding high fat diet for 4 weeks and subsequently injecting streptozotocin (30 mg·kg body weight) intraperitoneally. The rats with blood glucose levels higher than 16.8 mmol·L were selected for experiments. The DN rats were treated with Taxus chinensis orally (0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 g·kg) once a day for 8 weeks. Taxus chinensis significantly improved the renal damage, which was indicated by the decreases in 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate, blood serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of Taxus chinensis. The thickness of glomerular basement membrane was reduced, and proliferation of mesangial cells and podocytes cells and increase in mesangial matrix were attenuated. Further experiments showed that Taxus chinensis treatment down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. These results demonstrated that Taxus chinensis alleviated renal injuries in DN rats, which may be associated with suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Primary hypothalamic lymphoma with extensive ventricular enhancement and hydrocephalus

@#Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive malignancy arising exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS). PCNSL represents 1-5% of intracranial neoplasms and approximately 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.1,2 The clinical manifestation varies, depending on the location and size of the tumor. Biopsy is usually required in the diagnosis of PCNSL, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were the most commonly used therapy.3 Here we report a rare case of primary hypothalamic lymphoma with extensive ventricular enhancement and hydrocephalus

Bioassay-guided isolation of saikosaponins with agonistic activity on 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor from Bupleurum chinense and their potential use for the treatment of obesity / 中国天然药物

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT) receptor is one of the major targets of anti-obesity agents, due to its role in regulation of appetite. In the present study, the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Bupleurum chinense was revealed to have agonistic activity on 5-HT receptor, and the subsequent bioassay-guided isolation led to identification of several saikosaponins as the active constituents with 5-HT receptor agonistic activity in vitro and anti-obesity activity in vivo. The new compound, 22-oxosaikosaponin d (1), was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR). The primary structure-activity relationship study suggested that the intramolecular ether bond between C-13 and C-28 and the number of sugars at C-3 position were closely related to the 5-HT receptor agonistic activity. Saikosaponin a (3), the main saponin in B. chinense, showed obviously agonistic activity on 5-HT receptor with an EC value of 21.08 ± 0.33 μmol·Lin vitro and could reduce food intake by 39.1% and 69.2%, and weight gain by 13.6% and 16.4%, respectively, at 3.0 and 6.0 mg·kgin vivo. This investigation provided valuable information for the potential use of B. chinense as anti-obesity agent.

A new phenylpropanoid glycoside compound isolated from Karelinia caspia / 药学学报

To study the constituents of Karelinia caspia (Pall.) Less, three phenylpropanoid derivatives and other compounds were isolated by silica gel, RP-18 chromatographic methods. Compound 1 was a new phenylpropanoid glycoside named as kareline A. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Chemical structure and bioactivity of cis-5'-oxopropylnicotine / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the chemical constituents and bioactivities of leaves of Nicotiana tabacum were investigated. Six compounds were isolated by means of various chromatographic techniques (silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL CHP-20P and HPLC), and their structures were elucidated as cis-5'-(2-oxopropyl)-nicotine (1), 3-O-(9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoyl)-glyceryl-β-D-galactppyranoside (2), (l'R, 2R, 5S, 10R)-2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l'-methylethyl)-6, 10-dimethylspiro [4, 5] dec-6-en-8-one (3), (l'S, 2R, 5S, l0R)-2-(1', 2'-dihydroxy-l'-methylethyl)-6, 10-dimethylspiro [4, 5] dec-6-en-8-one (4),2, 3-dihydroxypropyl-β-D-galactoside (5) and phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside (6) by extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR). Among them, compound 1 is a new alkaloid, and compounds 2-6 are isolated for the first time from N. tabacum. Compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for agitating activities on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), melatonin receptor 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2), 1 showed agitating rate of 55.41% (1.53mmol•L⁻¹) on MT2 and 2 possessed agitating rate of 128.11% (0.59 mmol•L⁻¹) and 52.00% (0.73mmol•L⁻¹) on TRPV1 and MT1, respectively.

Chemical structure of cyperotundic acid from rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus / 中国中药杂志

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus(Xiangfu) by means of various chromatographic techniques(silica gel, Al2O3, Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL CHP-20P and HPLC), and their structures were identified as cyperotundic acid(1),(4S, 5E, 10R)-7-oxo-trinoreudesm-5-en-4β-ol(2), 4-hydroxy-4, 7-dimethyl-1-tetralone(3), taraxerone(4), dammaradienyl acetate(5), zeorin(6), sarmentine(7), guineensine(8), pellitorine(9), caprolactam(10), liriodendrin(11), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12)and 1-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1E-tetradecene(13) by extensive spectroscopic analyses(IR, MS, 1D-and 2D-NMR). Compound 1 was a new rearranged sesquiterpene and named as cyperotundic acid, which did not obey the isoprene rule.Compounds 2-13 were obtained from the genus Cyperus for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Swertia patens / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents of Swertia patens. The whole plant of air-dried Swertia patens was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H₂O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isola- ted and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C- NMR). Eighteen compounds were isolated and elucidated as 3, 4-dihydro-1H,6H,8H-naptho [1,2-c:4,5-c', d'dipyrano-1, 8-dione (1), angelone (2), gentiogenal (3), erythricin (4), erythrocentaurin (5), gentianine (6), swertiakoside B (7), swertiamarin (8), 2'-O-actylswertiamarin (9), amarogentin (10), 1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (11), 1, 3-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (12), 1-hydroxy- 2, 3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (13), gentiocrucine (14), 3-hydroxyphenylketone (15), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (16), n-hexacosyl ester 4-hydroxy-cis-cinnamate (17), and cholest-4-en-3-one (18). Compounds 1-7, 9-18 were obtained from S. patens for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Swertia kouitchensis Franch / 中国中药杂志

This study is to investigate the chemical constituents of Swertia kouitchensis. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia kouitchensis was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and their structures were identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Twenty-eight compounds were obtained, and characterized as erythrocentaurin (1), erythrocentaurin dimethylacetal (2), swertiamarin (3), vogeloside (4), 2'-O- actylswertiamarin (5), swertianoside D (6), gentiocrucines A-B (7-8), gentiocrucine (9), 1-hydroxy-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (10), 1-hydroxy-3, 5, 6-trimethoxyxanthone (11), 3-epitaraxerol (12), erythrodiol 3-O-palmitate (13), (+) -syringaresinol (14), caffeic acid (15), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (16), trans-coniferyl alcohol (17), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (18), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (19), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic aldehyde (20), 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (21), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (22), 3-acetoxybenzoic acid (23), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (24), 3-hydroxybenzoic alcohol (25), nicotinic acid (26), 2-furoic acid (27), and uracil (28). Compounds 1-4, 6-28 were obtained from S. kouitchensis for the first time.

Chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia / 中国中药杂志

This present work is to study the chemical constituents of Swertia angustifolia. The whole plants of air-dried Swertia angustifolia was extracted with 90% EtOH. The water extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether, EtOAc and nBuOH, successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). Fourteen compounds were isolated and characterized as 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 5, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (2), 7-hydroxy-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 8-0-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -1, 7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (4), (+) -syringaresinol (5), ferulic acid (6), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (7), sinapaldehyde (8), trans-coniferyl alcohol (9), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), isophthalic acid (12), 2-furoic acid (13), and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone(14). Compounds 2-14 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Circulatory sleep apnea: Preliminary report of clinical observation on sleep apnea in patients with chronic heart failure / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and mechanism of Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern in patients with heart failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six patients who performed polusomnography sleep testing at National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases Fuwai Hospital from March to May in 2015. We divided them into chronic heart failure (CHF) group and non-CHF group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrences of sleep apnea in two groups were high. In CHF group (n = 11) , there were 10 patients with apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5; and their AHI was 23.93 ±14.63. In non-CHF group (n = 45), there were 33 patients whose AHI > 5; and their AHI was 16.20 ± 18.76. The ratio of center sleep apnea to all gross sleep apnea ratio in CHF group was higher than that in non-CHF group (80.21% ± 30.55% vs 27.16% ± 35.71%, P < 0.01 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based upon the new theory of holistic integrative physiology and medicine, we explain the mechanism of circulatory dysfunction induce the oscillation breathing in patients with CHF. The sleep apnea and C-S respiration in CHF should be called circulatory sleep apnea, rather than central sleep apnea.</p>

Circulatory breathing abnormality: Clinical observation on exercise induced oscillatory breathing pattern / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Exercise induced oscillatory ventilation (EIOB) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is associated with severity and prognosis of disease, but clinical approach for the character of EIOB due to circulatory dysfunction are seldom reported.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective analysis of symptom-limited maximum CPET data with an increment of 10-20 W/min in 38 patients with CHF. We calculated the duration, frequency, amplitude and other parameters of EIOB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 31 presenting with EIOB (82%) in all patients with CHF. In EIOB group, VE amplitude were (12.4 ± 4.4)L/min (accounting for 81% ± 30% of mean) and duration were (77.0 ± 20.0)s. The number of patients whose EIOB presenting at rest, exercise, recovery stage and the whole eriod were 24, 31, 4 and 4, respectively. Except VE, there were VO2, VCO2, RER and PETO2 presenting EIOB in all 31 patients; VE/VCO2, VO2/VE and breath frequency in 29 patients; PETCO2 in 26 patients; VT and VO2/HR in 25 patients; and HR in 2 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EIOB may occur in any period of CPET, mostly in severe patient with CHF, and presenting in many variables. Due to it is resulted from the circulatory dysfunction, we should call it circulatory (cardiac) oscillatory breathing abnormality.</p>

Chemical constituents of Swertia delavayi and their anti-hepatitis B virus activity / 中国中药杂志

Fifteen known compounds were isolated from Swertia delavayi by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Rp-18 column chromatographies. Based on extensive spectroscopic analysis (MS, 1H, 13C-NMR), their structures were identified aserythrocentaurin (1), erythrocentaurindimethylacetal (2), sweroside (3), swertiamarin (4), gentiopicroside (5), swertiakoside A (6), 2'-O-acetylswertiamarin (7), 4'-O-[(Z) -coumaroyl] swertiamarin (8), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (9), 8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-2,3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (10), 8-O-[β-D-xyl- opyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (11), isovitexin (12), β-sitosterol (13), daucosterol (14), and oleanolic acid (15). Among them, ten ones (14, 7-11, 13) were obtained from S. delavayi for the first time. The isolates were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities in HepG 2. 2. 15 cell line in vitro. The results showed that compound 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 and 12 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on HBV DNA replication with IC50 values from 0.05 to 1.46 mmol x L(-1).

Research progress in cytoplasmic PML gene functions / 中国实验血液学杂志

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) was originally identified and named as acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) . The PML, encoded by PML gene, locates in the nuclear body (NB) and shuttles in the cell nucleus-cytoplasm, so that PML completes many regulation functions. There are many research on the function of nuclear PML, but in recent years the foreign data indicate that cytoplasmic PML gene plays an important role in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In this article, the biological functions of PML gene in cytoplasm are reviewed.